- Install MongoDB >
- Install MongoDB Community Edition >
- Install MongoDB Community Edition on Linux >
- Install MongoDB Community Edition on Debian
Install MongoDB Community Edition on Debian¶
On this page
Overview¶
Use this tutorial to install MongoDB Community Edition from .deb
packages on
Debian.
Production Notes
Before deploying MongoDB in a production environment, consider the Production Notes document.
Platform Support¶
MongoDB only provides packages for 64-bit builds of Debian 8 and 9. See Supported Platforms for more information.
Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) - Unsupported
MongoDB does not support WSL, and users on WSL have encountered various issues installing on WSL. For examples, see:
Packages¶
Important
The mongodb-org-unstable
package is officially maintained and supported by
MongoDB Inc. and kept up-to-date with the most recent MongoDB
releases. This installation procedure uses the mongodb-org-unstable
package.
The mongodb
package provided by Debian is not
maintained by MongoDB Inc. and conflicts with the
mongodb-org-unstable
package. To check if Ubuntu’s mongodb
package is
installed on the system, run sudo apt list --installed |
grep mongodb
. You can use sudo apt remove mongodb
and sudo
apt purge mongodb
to remove and purge the mongodb
package before attempting this procedure.
MongoDB provides officially supported packages in their own repository:
Package Name | Description |
---|---|
mongodb-org-unstable |
A metapackage that will automatically install
the four component packages listed below. |
mongodb-org-unstable-server |
Contains the mongod daemon, associated init
script, and a configuration file (/etc/mongod.conf ). You
can use the initialization script to start mongod
with the configuration file. For details, see Run MongoDB
Community Edition. |
mongodb-org-unstable-mongos |
Contains the mongos daemon. |
mongodb-org-unstable-shell |
Contains the mongo shell. |
mongodb-org-unstable-tools |
Contains the following MongoDB tools: mongoimport
bsondump , mongodump , mongoexport ,
mongofiles ,
mongorestore , mongostat ,
and mongotop . |
Install MongoDB Community Edition¶
Note
To install a different version of MongoDB, please refer to that version’s documentation. To install the previous version, see the tutorial for version 4.0.
Using .deb
Packages (Recommended)¶
Important
The mongodb-org-unstable
package is officially maintained and supported by
MongoDB Inc. and kept up-to-date with the most recent MongoDB
releases. This installation procedure uses the mongodb-org-unstable
package.
The mongodb
package provided by Debian is not
maintained by MongoDB Inc. and conflicts with the
mongodb-org-unstable
package. To check if Ubuntu’s mongodb
package is
installed on the system, run sudo apt list --installed |
grep mongodb
. You can use sudo apt remove mongodb
and sudo
apt purge mongodb
to remove and purge the mongodb
package before attempting this procedure.
The Debian package management tools (i.e. dpkg
and apt
) ensure
package consistency and authenticity by requiring that distributors
sign packages with GPG keys.
Import the public key used by the package management system.¶
The Ubuntu package management tools (i.e. dpkg
and apt
) ensure
package consistency and authenticity by requiring that distributors
sign packages with GPG keys. Issue the following command to import the
MongoDB public GPG Key:
Create a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.2.list
file for MongoDB.¶
Create the list file using the command appropriate for your version of Debian:
- Debian 8 “Jessie”
- Debian 9 “Stretch”
Currently packages are available for Debian 8 “Jessie” and Debian 9 “Stretch”.
Reload local package database.¶
Issue the following command to reload the local package database:
Install the MongoDB packages.¶
You can install either the latest stable version of MongoDB or a specific version of MongoDB.
- Install the latest version of MongoDB.
- Install a specific release of MongoDB.
To install the latest stable version, issue the following
To install a specific release, you must specify each component package individually along with the version number, as in the following example:
If you only install mongodb-org-unstable=4.1.5
and do not include the
component packages, the latest version of each MongoDB package will be
installed regardless of what version you specified.
Optional. Although you can specify any available version of MongoDB,
apt-get
will upgrade the packages when a newer version becomes
available. To prevent unintended upgrades, you can pin the package
at the currently installed version:
Using .tgz
Tarballs¶
Note
The recommended procedure to install is through the package
manager. However, as an alternative,
you can install by downloading the .tgz
tarballs directly.
MongoDB .tar.gz
tarballs require installing the following
dependencies:
Procedure¶
Download the MongoDB .tar.gz
tarball.¶
Download the tarball for your system from the MongoDB Download Center.
Extract the files from the downloaded archive.¶
For example, from a system shell, you can extract using the tar
command:
Ensure the binaries are in a directory listed in your PATH
environment variable.¶
The MongoDB binaries are in the bin/
directory of the tarball.
You must either:
- Copy these binaries into a directory listed in your
PATH
variable such as/usr/local/bin
, - Create symbolic links to each of these binaries from
a directory listed in your
PATH
variable, or - Modify your user’s
PATH
environment variable to include this directory.
For example, you can add the following line to your shell’s
initialization script (e.g. ~/.bashrc
):
Replace <mongodb-install-directory>
with the path to the extracted
MongoDB archive.
Run MongoDB Community Edition¶
- Production Notes
- Before deploying MongoDB in a production environment, consider the Production Notes document.
- ulimit Considerations
- Most Unix-like operating systems limit the system resources that a session may use. These limits may negatively impact MongoDB operation. See UNIX ulimit Settings for more information.
- Directories
By default, MongoDB instance stores:
- its data files in
/var/lib/mongodb
- its log files in
/var/log/mongodb
If you installed via the package manager, the directories are created during the installation.
If you installed manually by downloading the tarballs, you can create the directories using
mkdir -p <directory>
orsudo mkdir -p <directory>
depending on the user that will run MongoDB. (See your linux man pages for information onmkdir
andsudo
.)By default, MongoDB runs using the
mongodb
user account. If you change the user that runs the MongoDB process, you must also modify the permission to the/var/lib/mongodb
and/var/log/mongodb
directories to give this user access to these directories.To specify a different log file directory and data file directory, edit the
systemLog.path
andstorage.dbPath
settings in the/etc/mongod.conf
. Ensure that the user running MongoDB has access to these directories.- its data files in
Note
The following instructions assume that you have downloaded the
official MongoDB mongodb-org-unstable
packages, and not the unofficial
mongodb
package provided by Debian, and are using the default
settings.
Verify that MongoDB has started successfully¶
Verify that the mongod
process has started successfully by
checking the contents of the log file at
/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log
for a line reading
27017
is the default port the standalone mongod
listens on.
You may see non-critical warnings in the mongod
output. As long as you see the log line shown above, you can safely
ignore these warnings during your initial evaluation of MongoDB.
Begin using MongoDB.¶
Start a mongo
shell on the same host machine as the
mongod
. You can run the mongo
shell
without any command-line options to connect to a
mongod
that is running on your localhost with default
port 27017:
For more information on connecting using the mongo
shell, such as to connect to a mongod
instance running
on a different host and/or port, see The mongo Shell.
To help you start using MongoDB, MongoDB provides Getting Started Guides in various driver editions. See Getting Started for the available editions.
Uninstall MongoDB Community Edition¶
To completely remove MongoDB from a system, you must remove the MongoDB applications themselves, the configuration files, and any directories containing data and logs. The following section guides you through the necessary steps.
Warning
This process will completely remove MongoDB, its configuration, and all databases. This process is not reversible, so ensure that all of your configuration and data is backed up before proceeding.
Remove Packages.¶
Remove any MongoDB packages that you had previously installed.
Remove Data Directories.¶
Remove MongoDB databases and log files.