mongodump¶

Synopsis¶

mongodump is a utility for creating a binary export of the contents of a database. mongodump can export data from either mongod or mongos instances; i.e. can export data from standalone, replica set, and sharded cluster deployments.

Run mongodump from the system command line, not the mongo shell.

Compatibility¶

Installation¶

The mongodump tool is part of the MongoDB Database Tools package:

➤ Follow the Database Tools Installation Guide to install mongodump.

Syntax¶

The mongodump command has the following form:

mongodump <options> <connection-string>

Run mongodump from the system command line, not the mongo shell.

mongodump

Behavior¶

Required Access¶

To run mongodump against a MongoDB deployment that has access control enabled, you must have privileges that grant find action for each database to back up. The built-in backup role provides the required privileges to perform backup of any and all databases.

Usage in Backup Strategy¶

Options¶

--help¶

Returns information on the options and use of mongodump.

--verbose, -v¶

Increases the amount of internal reporting returned on standard output or in log files. Increase the verbosity with the -v form by including the option multiple times, (e.g. -vvvvv.)

--quiet¶

Runs mongodump in a quiet mode that attempts to limit the amount of output.

This option suppresses:

• output from database commands
• replication activity
• connection accepted events
• connection closed events

--version¶

Returns the mongodump release number.

--config=<filename>¶

New in version 100.3.0.

Specifies the full path to a YAML configuration file containing sensitive values for the following options to mongodump:

• --password
• --uri
• --sslPEMKeyPassword

This is the recommended way to specify a password to mongodump, aside from specifying it through a password prompt.

The configuration file takes the following form:

password: <password>
uri: mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:27017
sslPEMKeyPassword: <password>

Specifying a password to the password: field and providing a connection string in the uri: field which contains a conflicting password will result in an error.

Be sure to secure this file with appropriate filesystem permissions.

Note

If you specify a configuration file with --config and also use the --password, --uri or --sslPEMKeyPassword option to mongodump, each command line option overrides its corresponding option in the configuration file.

--uri=<connectionString>¶

Specifies the resolvable URI connection string of the MongoDB deployment, enclosed in quotes:

--uri="mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],...[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]"

Starting with version 100.0 of mongodump, the connection string may alternatively be provided as a positional parameter, without using the --uri option:

mongodump mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],...[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]

As a positional parameter, the connection string may be specified at any point on the command line, as long as it begins with either mongodb:// or mongodb+srv://. For example:

mongodump --username joe --password secret1 mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:27017 --ssl

Only one connection string can be provided. Attempting to include more than one, whether using the --uri option or as a positional argument, will result in an error.

For information on the components of the connection string, see the Connection String URI Format documentation.

Note

Some components in the connection string may alternatively be specified using their own explicit command-line options, such as --username and --password. Providing a connection string while also using an explicit option and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

Note

If using mongodump on Ubuntu 18.04, you may experience a cannot unmarshal DNS error message when using SRV connection strings (in the form mongodb+srv://) with the --uri option. If so, use one of the following options instead:

• the --uri option with a non-SRV connection string (in the form mongodb://)
• the --host option to specify the host to connect to directly

Warning

On some systems, a password provided in a connection string with the --uri option may be visible to system status programs such as ps that may be invoked by other users. Consider instead:

• omitting the password in the connection string to receive an interactive password prompt, or
• using the --config option to specify a configuration file containing the password.

--host=<hostname><:port>, -h=<hostname><:port>¶

Default: localhost:27017

Specifies the resolvable hostname of the MongoDB deployment. By default, mongodump attempts to connect to a MongoDB instance running on the localhost on port number 27017.

To connect to a replica set, specify the replSetName and a seed list of set members, as in the following:

--host=<replSetName>/<hostname1><:port>,<hostname2><:port>,<...>

When specifying the replica set list format, mongodump always connects to the primary.

You can also connect to any single member of the replica set by specifying the host and port of only that member:

--host=<hostname1><:port>

If you use IPv6 and use the <address>:<port> format, you must enclose the portion of an address and port combination in brackets (e.g. [<address>]).

Alternatively, you can also specify the hostname directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --host and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

--port=<port>¶

Default: 27017

Specifies the TCP port on which the MongoDB instance listens for client connections.

Alternatively, you can also specify the port directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --port and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

--ssl¶

Enables connection to a mongod or mongos that has TLS/SSL support enabled.

Alternatively, you can also configure TLS/SSL support directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --ssl and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

For more information about TLS/SSL and MongoDB, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL and TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.

--sslCAFile=<filename>¶

Specifies the .pem file that contains the root certificate chain from the Certificate Authority. Specify the file name of the .pem file using relative or absolute paths.

Alternatively, you can also specify the .pem file directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --sslCAFile and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

For more information about TLS/SSL and MongoDB, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL and TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.

--sslPEMKeyFile=<filename>¶

Specifies the .pem file that contains both the TLS/SSL certificate and key. Specify the file name of the .pem file using relative or absolute paths.

This option is required when using the --ssl option to connect to a mongod or mongos that has CAFile enabled without allowConnectionsWithoutCertificates.

Alternatively, you can also specify the .pem file directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --sslPEMKeyFile and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

For more information about TLS/SSL and MongoDB, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL and TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.

--sslPEMKeyPassword=<value>¶

Specifies the password to de-crypt the certificate-key file (i.e. --sslPEMKeyFile). Use the --sslPEMKeyPassword option only if the certificate-key file is encrypted. In all cases, the mongodump will redact the password from all logging and reporting output.

If the private key in the PEM file is encrypted and you do not specify the --sslPEMKeyPassword option, the mongodump will prompt for a passphrase. See TLS/SSL Certificate Passphrase.

Alternatively, you can also specify the password directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --sslPEMKeyPassword and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

For more information about TLS/SSL and MongoDB, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL and TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.

Warning

On some systems, a password provided directly using the --sslPEMKeyPassword option may be visible to system status programs such as ps that may be invoked by other users. Consider using the --config option to specify a configuration file containing the password instead.

--sslCRLFile=<filename>¶

Specifies the .pem file that contains the Certificate Revocation List. Specify the file name of the .pem file using relative or absolute paths.

For more information about TLS/SSL and MongoDB, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL and TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.

--sslAllowInvalidCertificates¶

Bypasses the validation checks for server certificates and allows the use of invalid certificates. When using the allowInvalidCertificates setting, MongoDB logs as a warning the use of the invalid certificate.

Warning

Although available, avoid using the --sslAllowInvalidCertificates option if possible. If the use of --sslAllowInvalidCertificates is necessary, only use the option on systems where intrusion is not possible.

Connecting to a mongod or mongos instance without validating server certificates is a potential security risk. If you only need to disable the validation of the hostname in the TLS/SSL certificates, see --sslAllowInvalidHostnames.

Alternatively, you can also disable certificate validation directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --sslAllowInvalidCertificates and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

For more information about TLS/SSL and MongoDB, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL and TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.

--sslAllowInvalidHostnames¶

Disables the validation of the hostnames in TLS/SSL certificates. Allows mongodump to connect to MongoDB instances even if the hostname in their certificates do not match the specified hostname.

Alternatively, you can also disable hostname validation directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --sslAllowInvalidHostnames and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

For more information about TLS/SSL and MongoDB, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL and TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.

--username=<username>, -u=<username>¶

Specifies a username with which to authenticate to a MongoDB database that uses authentication. Use in conjunction with the --password and --authenticationDatabase options.

Alternatively, you can also specify the username directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --username and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

If connecting to a MongoDB Atlas cluster using the MONGODB-AWS authentication mechanism, you can specify your AWS access key ID in:

• this field,
• the connection string, or
• the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable.

See Connect to a MongoDB Atlas Cluster using AWS IAM Credentials for an example of each.

--password=<password>, -p=<password>¶

Specifies a password with which to authenticate to a MongoDB database that uses authentication. Use in conjunction with the --username and --authenticationDatabase options.

To prompt the user for the password, pass the --username option without --password or specify an empty string as the --password value, as in --password "" .

Alternatively, you can also specify the password directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --password and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

If connecting to a MongoDB Atlas cluster using the MONGODB-AWS authentication mechanism, you can specify your AWS secret access key in:

• this field,
• the connection string, or
• the AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY environment variable.

See Connect to a MongoDB Atlas Cluster using AWS IAM Credentials for an example of each.

Warning

On some systems, a password provided directly using the --password option may be visible to system status programs such as ps that may be invoked by other users. Consider instead:

• omitting the --password option to receive an interactive password prompt, or
• using the --config option to specify a configuration file containing the password.

--awsSessionToken=<AWS Session Token>¶

If connecting to a MongoDB Atlas cluster using the MONGODB-AWS authentication mechanism, and using session tokens in addition to your AWS access key ID and secret access key, you can specify your AWS session token in:

• this field,
• the AWS_SESSION_TOKEN authMechanismProperties parameter to the connection string, or
• the AWS_SESSION_TOKEN environment variable.

See Connect to a MongoDB Atlas Cluster using AWS IAM Credentials for an example of each.

Only valid when using the MONGODB-AWS authentication mechanism.

--authenticationDatabase=<dbname>¶

Specifies the authentication database where the specified --username has been created. See Authentication Database.

If you do not specify an authentication database, mongodump assumes that the database specified to export holds the user's credentials.

If you do not specify an authentication database or a database to export, mongodump assumes the admin database holds the user's credentials.

If using the GSSAPI (Kerberos), PLAIN (LDAP SASL), or MONGODB-AWS authentication mechanisms, you must set --authenticationDatabase to $external.

--authenticationMechanism=<name>¶

Default: SCRAM-SHA-1

Specifies the authentication mechanism the mongodump instance uses to authenticate to the mongod or mongos.

Changed in version 100.1.0: Starting in version 100.1.0, mongodump adds support for the MONGODB-AWS authentication mechanism when connecting to a MongoDB Atlas cluster.

Value	Description
SCRAM-SHA-1	RFC 5802 standard Salted Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism using the SHA-1 hash function.
SCRAM-SHA-256	RFC 7677 standard Salted Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism using the SHA-256 hash function. Requires featureCompatibilityVersion set to 4.0.
MONGODB-X509	MongoDB TLS/SSL certificate authentication.
MONGODB-AWS	External authentication using AWS IAM credentials for use in connecting to a MongoDB Atlas cluster. See Connect to a MongoDB Atlas Cluster using AWS IAM Credentials. New in version 100.1.0.
GSSAPI (Kerberos)	External authentication using Kerberos. This mechanism is available only in MongoDB Enterprise.
PLAIN (LDAP SASL)	External authentication using LDAP. You can also use PLAIN for authenticating in-database users. PLAIN transmits passwords in plain text. This mechanism is available only in MongoDB Enterprise.

--gssapiServiceName¶

Specify the name of the service using GSSAPI/Kerberos. Only required if the service does not use the default name of mongodb.

This option is available only in MongoDB Enterprise.

Alternatively, you can also specify the service name directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --gssapiServiceName and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

--gssapiHostName¶

Specify the hostname of a service using GSSAPI/Kerberos. Only required if the hostname of a machine does not match the hostname resolved by DNS.

This option is available only in MongoDB Enterprise.

--db=<database>, -d=<database>¶

Specifies a database to backup. If you do not specify a database, mongodump copies all databases in this instance into the dump files.

Alternatively, you can also specify the database directly in the URI connection string. Providing a connection string while also using --db and specifying conflicting information will result in an error.

--collection=<collection>, -c=<collection>¶

Specifies a collection to backup. If you do not specify a collection, this option copies all collections in the specified database or instance to the dump files.

--query=<json>, -q=<json>¶

Provides a json document as a query that optionally limits the documents included in the output of mongodump. To use the --query option, you must also specify the --collection option.

You must enclose the query document in single quotes ('{ ... }') to ensure that it does not interact with your shell environment.

The query must be in Extended JSON v2 format (either relaxed or canonical/strict mode), including enclosing the field names and operators in quotes. For example:

mongodump -d=test -c=records -q='{ "a": { "$gte": 3 }, "date": { "$lt": { "$date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00.000Z" } } }'

--queryFile=<path>¶

Specifies the path to a file containing a JSON document as a query filter that limits the documents included in the output of mongodump. --queryFile enables you to create query filters that are too large to fit in your terminal's buffer.

--readPreference=<string|document>¶

Default: primary

Specifies the read preference for mongodump. The --readPreference option can take:

• A string if specifying only the read preference mode:

  --readPreference=secondary

• A quote-enclosed document to specify the mode, the optional read preference tag sets, and the optional maxStalenessSeconds:

  --readPreference='{mode: "secondary", tagSets: [ { "region": "east" } ], maxStalenessSeconds: 120}'

  If specifying the maxStalenessSeconds, the value must be greater than or equal to 90.

mongodump defaults to primary read preference.

If the read preference is also included in the --uri connection string, the command-line --readPreference overrides the read preference specified in the URI string.

Warning

Using a read preference other than primary with a connection to a mongos may produce inconsistencies, duplicates, or result in missed documents.

--forceTableScan¶

By default, mongodump uses the _id index when scanning collections with that index is available (e.g. Views do not have any indexes). Specify --forceTableScan to direct mongodump to scan collection data without the use of the _id index.

--forceTableScan does not ensure a point-in-time snapshot. Use --oplog to create a point-in-time snapshot.

You cannot use --forceTableScan with the --query option.

--gzip¶

Compresses the output. If mongodump outputs to the dump directory, the new feature compresses the individual files. The files have the suffix .gz.

If mongodump outputs to an archive file or the standard out stream, the new feature compresses the archive file or the data output to the stream.

--out=<path>, -o=<path>¶

Specifies the directory where mongodump will write bson files for the dumped databases. By default, mongodump saves output files in a directory named dump in the current working directory.

To send the database dump to standard output, specify "-" instead of a path. Write to standard output if you want process the output before saving it, such as to use gzip to compress the dump. When writing standard output, mongodump does not write the metadata that writes in a <dbname>.metadata.json file when writing to files directly.

You cannot use the --archive option with the --out option.

--archive=<file>¶

Writes the output to a specified archive file or, if the archive file is unspecified, writes to the standard output (stdout).

• To output the dump to an archive file, run mongodump with the --archive option and the archive filename.

  mongodump --archive=<file>

• To output the dump to the standard output stream in order to pipe to another process, run mongodump with the --archive option but omit the filename.

  mongodump --archive

You cannot use the --archive option with the --out option.

--oplog¶

Creates a file named oplog.bson as part of the mongodump output. The oplog.bson file, located in the top level of the output directory, contains oplog entries that occur during the mongodump operation. This file provides an effective point-in-time snapshot of the state of a mongod instance. To restore to a specific point-in-time backup, use the output created with this option in conjunction with mongorestore --oplogReplay.

Without --oplog, if there are write operations during the dump operation, the dump will not reflect a single moment in time. Changes made to the database during the update process can affect the output of the backup.

Important

A mongodump running with --oplog fails if a client issues any of the listed operations during the dump process.

• renameCollection
• db.collection.renameCollection
• db.collection.aggregate with $out

--oplog has no effect when running mongodump against a mongos instance to dump the entire contents of a sharded cluster. However, you can use --oplog to dump individual shards.

--oplog only works against nodes that maintain an oplog. This includes all members of a replica set.

--oplog does not dump the oplog collection.

Note

To use mongodump with --oplog, you must create a full dump of a replica set member. mongodump with --oplog fails if you use any of the following options to limit the data to be dumped:

• --db
• --collection

Tip

See also:

mongorestore --oplogReplay

--dumpDbUsersAndRoles¶

Includes user and role definitions in the database's dump directory when performing mongodump on a specific database. This option applies only when you specify a database in the --db option. MongoDB always includes user and role definitions when mongodump applies to an entire instance and not just a specific database.

--excludeCollection=<string>¶

Excludes the specified collection from the mongodump output. To exclude multiple collections, specify the --excludeCollection multiple times.

--excludeCollectionsWithPrefix=<string>¶

Excludes all collections with a specified prefix from the mongodump outputs. To specify multiple prefixes, specify the --excludeCollectionsWithPrefix multiple times.

--numParallelCollections=<int>, -j=<int>¶

Default: 4

Number of collections mongodump should export in parallel.

--viewsAsCollections¶

When specified, mongodump exports read-only views as collections. For each view, mongodump will produce a BSON file containing the documents in the view. If you mongorestore the produced BSON file, the view will be restored as a collection.

If you do not include --viewsAsCollections, mongodump captures each view's metadata. If you include a view's metadata file in a mongorestore operation, the view is recreated.

Examples¶

Run mongodump from the system command line, not the mongo shell.

mongodump  --db=test --collection=records

mongodump  --db=test --excludeCollection=users --excludeCollection=salaries

mongodump --host=mongodb1.example.net --port=37017 --username=user --authenticationDatabase=admin --out=/opt/backup/mongodump-2011-10-24

mongodump --archive=test.20150715.archive --db=test

mongodump --archive --db=test --port=27017 | mongorestore --archive --port=27018

mongodump --gzip --db=test

mongodump --archive=test.20150715.gz --gzip --db=test

mongodump --archive --db=test | mongorestore --archive  --nsFrom='test.*' --nsTo='examples.*'

mongodump 'mongodb+srv://<aws access key id>:<aws secret access key>@cluster0.example.com/testdb?authSource=$external&authMechanism=MONGODB-AWS' <other options>

mongodump 'mongodb+srv://<aws access key id>:<aws secret access key>@cluster0.example.com/testdb?authSource=$external&authMechanism=MONGODB-AWS&authMechanismProperties=AWS_SESSION_TOKEN:<aws session token>' <other options>

: / ? # [ ] @

mongodump 'mongodb+srv://cluster0.example.com/testdb?authSource=$external&authMechanism=MONGODB-AWS' --username <aws access key id> --password <aws secret access key> --awsSessionToken <aws session token> <other options>

export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID='<aws access key id>'
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY='<aws secret access key>'
export AWS_SESSION_TOKEN='<aws session token>'

env | grep AWS

mongodump 'mongodb+srv://cluster0.example.com/testdb?authSource=$external&authMechanism=MONGODB-AWS'  <other options>